![paper cup design as a net for fishing bio lab paper cup design as a net for fishing bio lab](https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJleHBpcmVzX2F0IjoxNjM4MjAzMTk1LCJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yNjc2NTM0My9vcmlnaW4uanBnIn0.r5wgXmBU-mMmorHSoOiN2AmOf3wQUhPNsZDXrj30-dk/img.jpg)
This study provides a thorough characterization of mosquito vector populations in an area selected for experimental hut trials in Cameroon. Therefore, it is important to characterize local populations in order to assess the impact of vector control interventions. However, these species are not evenly distributed and their insecticide resistance profiles vary nationwide. In Cameroon, the main malaria vector species are members of the Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) complex and the Anopheles funestus s.l. However, monitoring the efficacy of these insecticide-based interventions requires a good characterization of the vectors present in the areas under control, importantly, their species composition, insecticides resistance profiles and resistance mechanisms. Use of experimental huts is one of the best approaches employed to assess the impact of resistance on the efficacy of control intervention, such as LLINs and IRS. There is, therefore, a need to design and implement suitable resistance management strategies to preserve the efficacy of existing tools. However, the effectiveness of these insecticide-based control tools is threatened by the emergence of insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors across African countries, including Cameroon.
![paper cup design as a net for fishing bio lab paper cup design as a net for fishing bio lab](https://rochmanlab.files.wordpress.com/2019/10/datatabulationandcigbutts.jpg)
Malaria control in Cameroon has recently witnessed a significant scale-up of vector control intervention through the distribution of LLINs, pushing up the bed net coverage to 70.9% of the population. These results highlight the increasing spread of insecticide resistance and the challenges that control programmes face to maintain the continued effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions.ĭespite the recent progress made in reducing malaria burden in sub-Sahara Africa through insecticide-based interventions, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), malaria remains an important health issue.
![paper cup design as a net for fishing bio lab paper cup design as a net for fishing bio lab](https://www.mdpi.com/sustainability/sustainability-13-07269/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-13-07269-g001.png)
funestus exhibited an oocyst rate of 15 and 5% for the sporozoite rate. The Plasmodium infection rate was 20% in An. The 1014S-kdr allele was detected at low frequency (1.97%). gambiae correlated with the high frequency of 1014F knockdown resistance allele (63.9%). The high pyrethroid/DDT resistance in An. The DDT/pyrethroid 119F-GSTe2 resistant allele (28.1%) and the dieldrin 296S-RDL resistant (9.7%) were detected in An. population (48.8 to 98.1% mortality and 38.3 to 96.5% mortality, respectively). The PBO synergist assays with permethrin and deltamethrin revealed a significant recovery of the susceptibility in Anopheles funestus s.s.
#Paper cup design as a net for fishing bio lab full#
In contrast, full susceptibility was recorded for the organophosphate malathion. Moderate resistance was observed against bendiocarb (carbamate) in both species, but relatively higher in An. High levels of resistance to pyrethroids and organochlorides were observed for both species. ResultsĪnopheles funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) was predominant in Mibellon (80%) followed by Anopheles gambiae s.s. The molecular basis of resistance and Plasmodium infection rate were investigated using TaqMan genotyping. Insecticides susceptibility bioassays were performed on the F 1 adult mosquitoes following the WHO protocol to assess resistance profile to insecticides. Indoor resting blood-fed Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from houses at Mibellon in 2017 and forced to lay eggs to generate F 1 adult mosquitoes. This study reports the characterization of malaria vectors at Mibellon, a selected site in Cameroon for experimental hut study, including species composition, Plasmodium infection rate, resistance profiles and mechanisms. The impact of such resistance on the continued effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions remains unclear due to poor characterization of vector populations. Malaria vectors are increasingly developing resistance to insecticides across Africa.